Does More Therapy in Skilled Nursing Facilities Lead to Better Outcomes in Patients With Hip Fracture?

TitleDoes More Therapy in Skilled Nursing Facilities Lead to Better Outcomes in Patients With Hip Fracture?
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2016
AuthorsJung H-Y, Trivedi AN, Grabowski DC, Mor V
JournalPhys Ther
Volume96
Issue1
Pagination81-9
Date Published2016 Jan
ISSN1538-6724
KeywordsAged, Female, Health Services Research, Hip Fractures, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Medicare, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Physical Therapy Modalities, Retrospective Studies, Skilled Nursing Facilities, United States
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) have increasingly been providing more therapy hours to beneficiaries of Medicare. It is not known whether these increases have improved patient outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: The study objectives were: (1) to examine temporal trends in therapy hour volumes and (2) to evaluate whether more therapy hours are associated with improved patient outcomes.

DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study.

METHODS: Data sources included the Minimum Data Set, Medicare inpatient claims, and the Online Survey, Certification, and Reporting System. The study population consisted of 481,908 beneficiaries of Medicare fee-for-service who were admitted to 15,496 SNFs after hip fracture from 2000 to 2009. Linear regression models with facility and time fixed effects were used to estimate the association between the quantity of therapy provided in SNFs and the likelihood of discharge to home.

RESULTS: The average number of therapy hours increased by 52% during the study period, with relatively little change in case mix at SNF admission. An additional hour of therapy per week was associated with a 3.1-percentage-point (95% confidence interval=3.0, 3.1) increase in the likelihood of discharge to home. The effect of additional therapy decreased as the Resource Utilization Group category increased, and additional therapy did not benefit patients in the highest Resource Utilization Group category.

LIMITATIONS: Minimum Data Set assessments did not cover details of therapeutic interventions throughout the entire SNF stay and captured only a 7-day retrospective period for measures of the quantity of therapy provided.

CONCLUSIONS: Increases in the quantity of therapy during the study period cannot be explained by changes in case mix at SNF admission. More therapy hours in SNFs appear to improve outcomes, except for patients with the greatest need.

DOI10.2522/ptj.20150090
Alternate JournalPhys Ther
PubMed ID26586858
PubMed Central IDPMC4706596
Grant ListT32 AG023482 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States
R36 HS020756 / HS / AHRQ HHS / United States
1P01AG027296 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States
HS20756 / HS / AHRQ HHS / United States
P01 AG027296 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States
Category: 
Faculty Publication