Hospitalization Risk and Potentially Inappropriate Medications among Medicare Home Health Nursing Patients.

TitleHospitalization Risk and Potentially Inappropriate Medications among Medicare Home Health Nursing Patients.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2017
AuthorsLohman MC, Cotton BP, Zagaria AB, Bao Y, Greenberg RL, Fortuna KL, Bruce ML
JournalJ Gen Intern Med
Volume32
Issue12
Pagination1301-1308
Date Published2017 Dec
ISSN1525-1497
KeywordsAged, Aged, 80 and over, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Home Health Nursing, Hospitalization, Humans, Inappropriate Prescribing, Male, Medicare, Potentially Inappropriate Medication List, Risk Assessment, United States
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hospitalizations and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use are significant and costly issues among older home health patients, yet little is known about the prevalence of PIM use in home health or the relationship between PIM use and hospitalization risk in this population.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of PIM use and association with hospitalization among Medicare home health patients.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis using data from 132 home health agencies in the US.

SUBJECTS: Medicare beneficiaries starting home health nursing services between 2013 and 2014 (n = 87,780).

MAIN MEASURES: Prevalence of individual and aggregate PIM use at start of care, measured using the 2012 Beers criteria. Relative risk (RR) of 30-day hospitalization or re-hospitalization associated with individual and aggregate PIM use, compared to no PIM use.

KEY RESULTS: In total, 30,168 (34.4%) patients were using at least one PIM, with 5969 (6.8%) taking at least two PIMs according to the Beers list. The most common types of PIMs were those affecting the brain or spinal cord, analgesics, and medications with anticholinergic properties. With the exception of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), PIM use across all classes was associated with elevated risk (10-33%) of hospitalization compared to non-use. Adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, patients using at least one PIM (excluding NSAIDs) had a 13% greater risk (RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.17) of being hospitalized than patients using no PIMs, while patients using at least two PIMs had 21% greater risk (RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.30). Similar associations were found between PIMs and re-hospitalization risk among patients referred to home health from a hospital.

CONCLUSIONS: Given the high prevalence of PIM use and the association between PIMs and hospitalization risk, home health episodes represent opportunities to substantially reduce PIM use among older adults and prevent adverse outcomes. Efforts to address medication use during home health episodes, hospitalizations, and care transitions are justified.

DOI10.1007/s11606-017-4157-0
Alternate JournalJ Gen Intern Med
PubMed ID28849426
PubMed Central IDPMC5698223
Grant ListR01 MH096441 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States
Category: 
Faculty Publication